[입트영] 12월 마지막주

1.1 Talk about what you are going to do to be healthier this year
올해 더 건강해지기 위해 무엇을 할 건지 얘기해봅시다

I promise myself to eat healthier this year.
올해는 더 건강하게 먹기로 나 자신과 약속했습니다.

I'm going to try eat a lot more veggies.
채소를 아주 많이 먹을 겁니다.
  -a lot more: 아주 많이

I also plan on cutting back on processed foods.
또한 가공식품은 줄이려고 합니다.
  - processed food : 가공식품
  - cut back: ~줄이다, 축소하다

I'm going to cut down on drinking as well.
음주도 줄일 생각입니다.
  - cut down on~: ~를 줄이다

Also I decided to follow a healthier life style this year.
또한 올해 더 건강한 생활습관을 따르기로 결심했습니다.

I want to become a morning person as start the day early in the morning.
나는 아침일찍 하루를 시작하고 싶어서, 아침형 인간이 되고 싶습니다.

I'm also plan on getting enough sleep.
또 잠을 충분히 자려고 합니다.

Getting good sleep is as important as everything else.
숙면은 다른 모든 것과 마찬가지로 중요합니다.

I used to work out regularly, but not anymore.
예전에는 규칙적으로 운동했지만 지금은 아닙니다.

So I'm thinking of re-starting my work outs.
그래서 운동을 다시 시작하려고 합니다.

Last of all, I'm going to think positively.
마지막으로 긍정적인 생각을 하려고 합니다.

and look on the bright side of things at all times.
항상 모든 것의 밝은 면만을 보는 거죠.
  -at all times: 언제나 항상

After all it's the mind that controls the body.
결국 몸을 통제하는 건 마음입니다.

<Expression of the day>
A: You need to eat healthier foods. 넌 건강한 음식을 먹어야 해.
B: I agree. I have a bad eating habit. 맞아. 나는 좋지 않은 식습관을 갖고 있지.
A: Always watch what you eat. 항상 네가 먹는 걸 조심해.
B: I've tried to do that. but it's not easy. 그렇게 하려고 하는데 쉽지가 않네.


12. 31 Talk about what Koreans do on New year's eve
새해 전날 한국인들은 무엇을 하는지 얘기해봅시다

Many Koreans tend to spend New year's eve with their family members.
많은 한국인들이 새해 전날을 가족과 함께 보냅니다.
  - new year's eve : 새해 전날 (영어에선 뭐든지 '전날'을 'eve'라고 표현함)

They like to do the countdown  together.
함께 카운트다운 하는 걸 좋아합니다.
  - countdown : 초읽기, 카운트다운
  (*'count down'으로 띄어쓰면, '위에서 아래로 세어내려가다'는 동사가 됨)

Of course there are tons of people who come out to celebrate the New year on the streets.
물론 수많은 사람들이 새해를 기념하기 위해 거리로 나옵니다.
  - tons of people : 수없이 많은 사람들 (강조하려고 tons of 을 씀)
  - celebrate: 기념하다

There is big bell that they ring when the clock strikes midnight on New year's eve. 
새해 전날, 시계가 자정을 알리면 큰 종을 울립니다.
 - the clock strikes midnight : 시계가 자정을 알리다
 (ex: people cheer loudly when the clocks struck midnight. 시계가 자정을 알리자 사람들이 크게 환호했다)

People make their wishes for the New year listening to the bell ring.
사람들은 종소리를 들으면서 새해소원을 빕니다.
  - make wishes 소원을 빌다
   (ex: I made my wishes looking at the full moon. 보름달을 보면서 소원을 빌었습니다.)

The bell ringing event is aired live on all TV stations.
타종식은 모든 TV방송국에 생방송됩니다.
   - be aired live : 생방송으로 나가다

Plus watching the first sun rise of the New year is a big deal.
게다가 새해 첫 해돋이를 보는 건 중요합니다.
  - big deal: 큰 의미가 있다. 중요하다.

Many people make the effort to wake up early enough to catch the first sun rise.
첫 일출을 보려고 아침 일찍 일어나는 이들이 많습니다.
  - make the effort 노력을 하다
  - catch : 놓치지 않고 보다.

Some visit popular locations where they can see the sun rise.
일출을 보기 위해 인기있는 곳을 찾는 사람들도 있습니다.


<Expression of the day>
A: We only have a couple of minutes left. 몇 분 밖에 안 남았어.
B: Aha, Are you ready for the countdown? 카운트다운 할 준비됐어?
A: You bet, anyway best wishes to you in the New year. 물론이지. 새해 복 많이 받아!
B: Thanks, you too. 고마워, 너도!



12. 30 Talk about painkillers you take in you life

I take painkillers from time to time.
나는 가끔 진통제를 복용합니다.
  - take: 복용하다
  - pain killer:  진통제 (=pain reliever)
  (ex: you should not take painkillers on an empty stomach. 빈속에 진통제를 먹으면 안됩니다.)

The last time I had to take them was when I had a bad headache.
마지막으로 복용한건 두통이 있을 때였습니다.
  - The last time~: ~한게 마지막
  (ex: The last time I had pizza was 2 weeks ago. 마지막으로 피자 먹은게 2주전이야.)

I get migraines off and on.
나는 가끔 편두통이 있습니다.
  - migraine : 편두통
  - off and on: 가끔

That's when I need to take painkillers most commonly.
그때가 진통제를 상시복용하는 때죠.

Plus, I have the crams when I'm on my period.
게다가 생리할 때 생리통이 있습니다.
  - the crams : 생리통 (복수로 씀)
  (ex: I become very sensitive when I have the crams. 생리통이 있을 때 매우 예민해집니다.)
  - cram: 쥐나다, 경련나다 (단수로 씀)
  (ex: I have a cram in my leg: 다리에 쥐났다.)
  - on one's period : 생리중

It gets really bad sometimes and I can't function properly.
가끔 매우 심해지면, 일상생활을 제대로 못합니다.
  - can't function properly: 일상기능/생활을 제대로 못하다
  (ex: I can't function properly without my morning coffee. 아침커피 없이는 일상생활이 제대로 안돼.)

I have to take painkillers to ease the pain.
통증을 완화하기 위해 진통제를 복용해야 합니다.
  - ease the pain : 통증을 완화하다
  (ex: Acupuncture treatment can help ease the pain. 침치료가 통증 완화에 도움을 준다.)

Other than that, I take painkillers when I have a back pain.
그 외에, 허리통증이 있을 때 진통제를 먹습니다.
  - back pain: 허리통증

Also I once got some type of laser treatment on my face,
또 어떤 레이져치료를 얼굴에 받았을 때

and I had to take painkillers after that, because it was quite painful.
상당히 아팠기 때문에 진통제를 먹어야 했습니다.

Overall, overusing painkillers is not good.
결론적으로 진통제를 과용하면 좋지 않습니다.
  - overuse : 과용 / misuse : 오용 / abuse: 남용
    overdose: 과다복용 (복용량을 말할때)
  (ex: I think you tend to overuse painkillers. 너 진통제를 너무 많이 먹는거 같아.)
  (ex: I try no to overuse painkillers. 진통제를 과용하지 않으려고 합니다.)

But they are very helpful if they are used properly.
하지만 적당히 복용한다면 매우 도움이 됩니다.


<Expression of the Day>
A: I have a splitting headache.     머리가 깨질듯 아파.
B: How long have you been that way? 얼마나 오랫동안 그랬어?
A: Since this morning. 오늘 아침부터.
B: You should take some painkillers if it's that bad. 그렇게 아프면 진통제를 먹어.



12. 29 Talk about the medicine you take when you catch a cold
감기에 걸렸을때 어떤 약을 먹는지 얘기해봅시다

I came down with the bad cold two weeks ago.
2주 전에 아주 심한 감기에 걸렸습니다.
  - come down with the cold: 감기에 걸리다

My throat was sore and itchy and I was coughing a lot.
목이 따끔하고 아프고 기침을 많이 했습니다.
  -sore: 따끔하다, 아프다
  -itchy : 가렵다, 간질간질하다 (*sore, itchy는 목감기 증상에 많이 쓰는 표현)
   (ex: I get itchy when I wear that sweater. 그 스웨터를 입으면 온몸이 간질간질하다)

My throat swelled up and it was hard to talk or swallow food.
목이 부어서 말하거나 음식 삼키기도 어려웠습니다.
  - swell up : 붓다
   (ex: Your face seems to have swelled up. 너 얼굴이 부은거 같아.)

Plus, my nose was runny and stuffy.
게다가 콧물이 흐르고 코가 막혔습니다.
  - stuffy : 막히다
   (ex: my nose is stuffy and hard to breathe. 코가 막혀 숨쉬기가 어렵다
        the room is stuffy. 방 공기가 답답하다)

I had a fever and I was aching all over.
열이 나고 온몸이 쑤셨습니다.
  -aching all over: 전신이 쑤시다, 몸살이 나다
   (ex: I took day off because I was aching all over. 몸살이 나서 하루 쉬었습니다.)

It was one of the worst colds I had in years.
최근 몇년 간 걸린 감기중 최악이었습니다.
  - one of the 최상급 : ~중 최고의 -- (*영어에선 이런 최상급 표현을 많이 씀)
  - in years 최근 몇년 간

I took some over the counter cold medicine when I started to have the symptoms.
증상이 시작되면 일반 감기약을 먹습니다.
  - OTC (over the counter medicine): 처방전이 필요없는 약들, 일반 상용약
  - prescription medicine: 처방약

but it didn't work well.
그런데 잘 듣지 않았습니다.
  - work well : 효과가 있다

So I went to see the doctor and got a shot.
병원을 가서 주사를 받았습니다.
   - go to see the doctor: 동네병원을 가다
    ('go to the hospital'은 중증이 있어서 대형병원을 가는 걸 뜻함, 일반병원 간다는 표현은 'see the doctor')

I also got some medicine prescribed.
약 처방도 받았습니다.

The doctor told me to eat well and get plenty of rest.
의사선생님이 잘 먹고 푹 쉬라고 했습니다.
  - get plenty of rest : 푹 쉬다
  (ex: You should have a lot of water and get plenty of rest. 물 충분히 마시고 잘 쉬어라.)

I eventually got better a week later but I regretted not getting a flu shot this year.
일주일 뒤에 나았지만, 올해 독감예방접종 맞지 않은 걸 후회했습니다.
  - get better : 낫다
  - get a flu shot: 독감예방접종을 받다


<Expression of the Day>
A: You don't look well. Are you okay? 너 좀 안좋아 보여. 괜찮아?
B: I think I'm coming down with something. 몸이 좀 안좋은거 같아.
A: Oh, dear. you should get some rest. 오, 너 좀 쉬어야겠다.
B: yeah, I think I should. 그래야할 거 같아.



12. 28 Talk about how you try to be a positive person.
        얼마나 긍정적인 사람이 되려고 하는지 얘기해봅시당~

We go through a lot of ups and downs  in our lives.
살다보면 여러 우여곡절이 있습니다
  - ups and downs : 우여곡절, 기복 (ups: 좋을 때, downs: 안 좋을때)
    (ex: His life was full of ups and downs. 그는 파란만장한 삶을 살았습니다.)
    (ex: I've been through many ups and downs this year. 올해 다사다난 했습니다.)
  - go through : 경험하다, 살다

There are times when you may think life is not treating you fairly.

왜 나만 이럴까 하는 생각이 들때가 있습니다

  - there are times when: ~ 할 때가 있다
  - treat somebody fairly :~를 공평하게 대하다

But I think it all depends on how you see it.
하지만 이 모든 게 어떻게 보느냐에 따라 달려있습니다.
  - how you see: 어떻게 보느냐, 생각하느냐.
  - it all depends on~: 전적으로 ~에 달려있다
  (ex: it all depends on your mindset. 전적으로 마음가짐에 달려있습니다.
  (ex: it all depends on what you believe and what you don't. 이 모든게 당신이 무엇을 믿고 안 믿고에 달려 있습니다.)

Personally, I try to maintain a positive attitude in my life.
개인적으로 긍정적인 사고를 유지하려고 노력합니다.
  - attitude: 자세, 태도, 사고방식 (=mindset)
  - maintain: 유지하다
  (ex: Maintaining a positive attitudes is the key to success. 긍정적인 사고방식이 성공의 열쇠다.)

I always try to look on the bright side of things.
언제나 밝은 쪽을 보려고 합니다.
 - look on the bright side: 긍정적으로 생각하다. 밝은 쪽을 보다
  (ex: Sometimes it can be tough to look on the bright of things. 긍정적으로 보는게 때론 쉽지 않습니다. )

It helps me get less stress.
스트레스가 덜하도록 도와주고,

It also helps me bounce back from hard times.
또한 어려운 때를 이겨낼 수 있도록 도와줍니다.
  - bounce back : 튕겨나오다 회복하다 (=recover)
  (ex: He quickly bounced back from his break-up. 그는 이별의 아픔에서 이내 회복했다.
       I managed to bounce back from my business failure. 사업실패에서 금방 회복했다.

I tell people around me to think positively all the time.
주변사람에게도 항상 긍정적으로 생각하라고 얘기합니다.

It may be easier said than done, 
행동보다 말이 쉽겠지만,
  - easier said than done: 행동보다 말이 쉽다
   (ex: It's easy for you to say. 너니까 그렇게 말하는게 쉬운거야)

But the power of positive thinking can be more helpful than we think.
하지만 긍정적 사고의 힘은 생각보다 더 도움이 될 수 있습니다.


<Expression of the Day>
A: Do you think we can get through this? 우리가 이걸 이겨낼 수 있을까?
    - get through: 어려움을 이겨내다, 극복하다 (=overcome)
B: Yes I do, Always see the cup is half full not half empty. 그럼. 컵에 물이 반밖에 없는게 아니라 반이나 차있는 걸로 보거든.
A: Well, I'm trying to to that. 음. 그렇게 하려고는 하는데.
A: Don't worry, We'll get through this.  걱정마, 우린 해낼거니까.

[입트영] 12월 넷째주

12. 25 Talk about what you do on extended weekends 연휴에 뭘 하는지 얘기해봅시다.

Extended weekends are the best!
연휴가 최고입니다!
  - extended weekend: 연휴

If holiday falls on a Friday or a Monday, People can enjoy a nice long weekend.
휴일이 금요일이나 월요일에 떨어지면, 사람들은 길고 여유있는 휴일을 보낼 수 있죠.
  - a Friday  어느 금요일
  - fall on + a 요일 : ~요일에 떨어지다

I normally plan ahead for these kinds of occasions.
나는 이런 일에 대비해 미리 계획을 세웁니다.
  - plan ahead: 미리 계획을 세우다
  (ex. It's always good to plan ahead. 미리 계획 세우는 건 언제나 좋습니다.)

I go on short trips with my family somewhere nearby if I can.
갈수만 있다면 근처에 가족과 짧은 여행을 갑니다.
  - go on short trips 짧은 여행을 가다
  - somewhere nearby : 근처로
  (ex. Let's go to restaurant somewhere nearby. 어디 가까운데로 밥 먹으러 갑시다)

If not, I take my children out to theme parks or for a camping trip.
안되면, 아이들을 데리고 테마파크를 가거나 캠핑을 갑니다.
  - take somebody out: ~를 모시고/데리고 나가다
  (ex. Let me take you out for dinner. 제가 저녁을 대접하겠습니다.)

The only problem can be traffic.
유일한 문제는 교통입니다.

Traffic can get very bad, because so many people are on the move.
많은 사람들이 이동하기 때문에 교통이 아주 안좋아질 수 있습니다.
  - be on the move: 이동하다
   (ex: Many people are on the move during holidays. 연휴 기간동안 많은 이들이 이동합니다.)

Parking can also be a nightmare at popular locations.
인기있는 장소에선 주차가 악몽이 될 수 있습니다.
  - be a nightmare : 악몽이다
  (ex. Traffic on my way home was a nightmare. 집에 오는 길에 교통이 최악이었어요.)

This year Christmas fell on a Friday,
올해 크리스마스는 금요일이어서,

So it was one of the biggest Christmas holidays in years.
최근 몇 년 간 가장 큰 크리스마스공휴일 중 하나였습니다.
  - in years : 최근 몇년 간

<Expression of the Day>
A: What are you doing this weekend? 이번 주말에 뭐할거에요?
B: Yeah, We have a long 4 day weekend, don't we?  4일 연휴죠?
A: Are you planning on going anywhere? 어디 갈거에요?
B: No, I'm going to wind down and relaxed home. 아니요, 그냥 집에서 푹 쉬려구요.
(*'쉬다'라는 표현으로 take rest는 잘 안쓰고, 'get some rest' 나 'wind down' 을 많이 쓴다.)



12.24 Talk about what do Korean typically do on Christmas eve.
       한국인들은 크리스마스 이브에 주로 뭘하는지 얘기해봅시다.

Christmas in Korean is more of a romantic holiday for dating couples.
한국에서 크리스마스는 연인들에게 낭만적인 휴일입니다.
  - more of a ~: ~색채가 더 강하다
  - dating couples : 연애하는 커플들

It's not like a family holiday as in the West.
서양처럼 가족 명절이 아니죠.

Couples exchange gifts with each other, but gift giving isn't  that common within the family.
커플들은 서로 선물을 주고 받는데요, 가족끼리 주고받는 건 흔치 않습니다.
  - gift giving : 선물 주기

Some do send Christmas cards to their loved ones.
사랑하는 사람에게(가족 혹은 연인) 크리스마스 카드를 보내기도 합니다.

Meanwhile, many youngsters just go out to party on Christmas eve.
한편 많은 젊은이들은 크리스마스 이브에 나가서 놉니다.
  - go out to party : 나가서 신나게 놀다
    (ex: Let's go out to party this Friday. 나가서 불금하자!)

It's a good excuse to stay out until late at night or even early in the morning.
밤늦게까지 혹은 이른 아침까지 밖에 있을 좋은 핑계거리죠. ^^
  - late at night : 밤늦게까지
  - a good excuse : 좋은 핑계거리
  - stay out : 밖에 있다 (주로 놀려고 있을때)
    (ex: My mom doesn't allow me stay out until late. 엄마는 내가 밤늦게까지 밖에 못있게 해)

Streets in the downtown area get packed with people.
시내 거리는 사람들로 가득합니다.
  - get packed with people: 사람들로 가득하다
  - in the downtown area : 시내 (그냥 'downtown'이라고만 써도 됨)
    (ex: I usually hang out with friends downtown. 주로 시내에서 친구들을 만납니다.)

It's almost impossible to get a table at popular restaurants if you don't have a reservation.
예약하지 않으면 인기있는 식당에서 자리잡기란 하늘에 별따기죠.


Of course, for some people Christmas is a religious holiday.
물론 크리스마스가 종교적인 휴일인 사람들도 있습니다.


Some people go to church to attend a  Christmas Mass or service.
 크리스마스 미사나 예배를 보러 교회에 가기도 합니다.
  - to attend a Mass or service:  미사/ 예배보다
     (*Mass는 성당미사, service 교회예배를 가리킴)
     (ex: I attend Sunday Mass. 나는 일요일 미사에 참석한다. -여기서 관사 생략가능)


<Expression of the Day>
A: What are you doing for Christmas eve? 크리스마스 이브에 뭐 할 거야?
B: I think I'm just going to stay home. 그냥 집에 있을거 같은데.
A: Really? Aren't you going out to party? 정말? 나가서 안 놀거야?
B: I'm getting too old for that. 그러기엔 나이가 좀 들었지.



12. 23 Talk about when you feel under the weather 컨디션이 안좋을 때를 얘기해봅시다.

I feel a bit under the weather these days.
요즘 컨디션이 좀 안 좋습니다.
 - feel a bit under the weather : 컨디션이 좀 안 좋다
  (*몸상태가 좀 안좋을때 우리는 컨디션이 안좋다고 표현하지만, 영어에선 condition을 쓰면 큰 병에 걸린 듯한 어감을 줄 수 있다)

First, there are a lot more things to take care of at work as we are wrapping up the year.
먼저 한해를 마무리하면서 회사에서 처리해야 할 일이 많습니다.
 - take care of : 해결하다, 처리하다
  (ex: I can take care of the problem myself. 혼자서도 문제를 처리할 수 있습니다.)
 - at work : 회사에서, 직장에서
 - wrap up the year : 한 해를 마무리하다.
   (ex: Let's wrap it up. 마무리 합시다!
        I always look back on things that I've done, wrapping up the year.
           한 해를 마무리하면서 항상 내가 한 일들을 되돌아봅니다.)

Plus,  I've been to many year-end gatherings lately, and have been drinking a lot more than usual.
게다가 최근 연말 모임이 많다보니 평상시보다 술을 더 많이 마십니다.
 - year-end gathering : 연말모임 (모임을 'gathering'이라 많이 씀)
 - a lot more than usual : 평상시 보다 훨씬 더
   (ex: I'm a lot busier than usual. 평상시보다 훨씬 바빠요)

I've been getting home late due to these get-togethers.
이런 모임때문에 집에 늦게 귀가합니다.
 - get-together : 모임 (*앞 get에 강세를 두고 읽어야 함)

I feel tired in the morning, because I can't get enough sleep.
잠을 충분히 자지 못해서 아침에 피곤합니다.
 - get enough sleep:  충분히 자다
    (ex: Did you get enough sleep ? 충분히 잤니? 잘 잤니?)

I think I'm coming down with something.
감기 증상이 있는 거 같아요.
 - come down with something : 감기 증상이 있다
 (ex: I know it when I'm coming down with something. 감기조짐이 있으면 내가 딱 알아.
      I have come down with the cold. 감기 걸렸어.ㅠ)

I haven't been able to work out, because I haven't had enough time.
시간이 없어서 운동도 못했습니다.

I think I should be taking better care of my health.
건강을 좀 더 잘 챙겨야겠다고 느낍니다.
 - take good/better care of one's health : 건강 잘 챙기다
   (*미국에선 '건강 챙겨'라는 말을, 그냥 'take care' 라고 가볍게 말한다. )

Above everything else, I'm trying to eat well and dress warm.
무엇보다 잘 먹고 따뜻하게 입으려고 합니다.
 -  dress warm : 원래는 부사를 써서 'dress warmly' 라고 해야지만, 구어에선 형용사를 써서 'dress warm'라고 더 많이 쓴다. (drive safe도 같은 경우)
    (ex: It's important to dress warm when it's cold outside. 추울 땐 옷을 따뜻하게 입는게 중요합니다.)

<Expression of the Day>
A: You seem a bit tired. 너 좀 피곤해 보여.
B: Yeah, I have so much on my plate these days. 요즘 할 일이 엄청 많아.
  - have so much on my plate : 할 일이 많다.
A: You should look after your health. 너 건강 챙겨야 돼.
B: I know, I just don't have enough time these days. 알아. 단지 시간이 없을 뿐이야.

12.22 Talk about donations people make 기부에 대해 얘기해봅시다~

People make a lot of donations at the end of the year.
사람들은 연말에 기부를 많이 합니다.
 - at the end of the year 연말
 - make a donation/make donations : 기부하다 (일반적인 행위는 '복수'를 써서 표현)
  (ex: You can easily make donations online these days.
       요즘엔 온라인으로도 쉽게 기부할 수 있다)

That's because they are more willing to give at this time of year.
왜냐하면 이맘때면 사람들은 좀 더 주려고 하기 때문이죠.
 - be willing to : 기꺼이 ~하려고 하다 (의지)
  (ex: I was more willing to learn other languages when I was kid.
       어렸을 때 외국어를 배우려는 의지가 강했다.
       I'm more than willing to give you a hand. 너를 기꺼이 도우려고 해.)
 - at this time of year : 이맘때쯤

You can hear the bells ringing by the Salvation army.
구세군이 종을 울리는 걸 들을 수 있죠.
  - salvation army : 구세군

They take donations on the streets.
그들은 거리에서 기부를 받습니다.
 - take donations 기부를 받다

People make small donations in their red kettles.
사람들은 자선냄비에 소액기부를 합니다.
  - kettle : 주전자, 냄비

They are also TV programs that encourage people to donate money for a good cause.
좋은 목적을 위해 기부를 장려하는 TV프로그램도 있습니다.
 - for a good cause: 좋은 목적/취지/명분
   (ex: It's for a good cause. 좋은 목적으로 하는거에요.
        I'm raising money for a good cause. 좋은 목적으로 기금을 모으고 있어요.)

You can make a phone call to make small donations.
전화해서 소액기부를 할 수 있습니다.
  - make a phone call : 전화통화하다 (*영어는 ~하다, 표현에 'make'를 많이 쓴다)

The money adds up and becomes a large amount later on.
돈이 점점 모여서 나중에 큰 금액이 됩니다.
 - add up : 점점 더 해가다 (=file up, stack up : 점점 쌓여가다)
  (* 동사에 'up'을 붙이면 점점 위로 올라가면서 축적되는 그림이 된다)
  (ex: I added up the numbers several times. 숫자를 몇 번이나 더해봤어.)

These days people can also donate their leftover points on the credit cards or membership cards.
요즘은 신용카드나 멤버십 카드에 남은 포인트도 기부할 수 있습니다.
- leftover : 남은 것. 잔재 (=remain)
  (ex: I have some left over points on my credit card. 신용카드에 남은 포인트가 좀 있어.
       I didn't know I can make donations with my leftover points. 남은 포인트로 기부할        수 있는지 몰랐어.

Overall there are many ways to donate money at the end of the year.
결론적으로 연말에 기부할 수 있는 방법들이 많습니다.

<Expression of the Day>
A: Do you make donations? 기부 하세요?
B: I do that more often at the end of the year. 연말에 좀 더 자주 해요.
A: Good for you. 잘 했네요. (이밖에도 '좋네요. 축하해요' 등의 뜻으로 칭찬조로 씀)
B: There are many people in need of help. 도움이 필요한 사람들이 많아요.
      - people in need of help : 도움이 필요한 사람들




12. 21 Talk about the year-end parties people have in Korea
         한국의 송년회를 얘기해보아요.

Koreans are very fond of having year-end parties.
 한국사람들은 송년회 하는 걸 무척 좋아합니다.
  - are fond of : 좋아하다 (=like)
  - year-end party:  송년회
  (ex:  I have to attend several year-end parties this week alone. 이번주에만 송년회를 몇개나 가야 해.)

People like to get together with friends at the end of the year.
연말에 친구들과 한 자리에 모이는 걸 좋아하죠.
 - get together:  한 자리에 모이다
 (*동사로 쓰일땐 뒤에다 강세를 주고, 합성명사 get-together로 쓸때는 앞에다 강세를 줌.)
 - at the end of year:  연말

These gatherings are concentrated in December.
이런 모임은 12월에 집중돼 있습니다.
 - are concentrated in :~에 집중돼 있다, 밀집해 있다

People gather and do a lot of catching up.
사람들은 모여서 밀린 이야기를 많이 합니다.
 - catch up: 따라가다, 밀린 이야기를 하다    

We see a lot of pictures of these parties being posted online.
온라인상에 올라온 많은 송년회 사진을 봅니다.
 - being posted online 온라인상에 게시되다

Companies have their own year-end parties.
회사들도 나름대로 송년회를 합니다.

Eventually many people end up going to several of these get-togethers.
결국엔 많은 이들이 이런 모임을 몇 개를 가게 되죠.
  - end up~ing : 끝내 ~ 하게 되다
 (ex: I ended up eating too much. :너무 많이 먹게 됐다.
      They ended up regretting their decision. 그들은 자신들의 선택을 후회하게 됐다.)
 -  get-together: (비격식표현) 모임, 파티 (*앞에 강세)

Since drinking is involved that these occasions,
음주가 이런 행사에 포함돼 있기 때문에,
 - occasion : 계제 (어떤 일을 하게 된 기회나 형편), 행사, 이벤트

Many people suffer from the impact of heavy drinking.
많인 이들이 과음의 여파로 괴로워하죠.
 - suffer from:  괴로워하다
 - the impact of: ~ 여파, ~효과, ~ 영향

For restaurants and bars it's definitely the busiest time of the year.
레스토랑이나 바는 연중 가장 바쁠 때입니다.
 - the busiest time : 가장 바쁠 때
 (ex: This is the busiest time of the year for us. 지금이 우리에게 가장 바쁠 때입니다.)

It's hard to get a table at popular places at this time of year.
매년 이맘때쯤이면 인기있는 장소에 자리 하나 맡기도 힘들어요.
 -  at this time of year: 매년 이맘때쯤

It helps to make a reservation in advance.
사전에 예약하면 도움이 됩니다
 -in advance : 사전에
 (ex: Tell me if you want to join us in advance. 함께 하고 싶으면 미리 얘기해줘.
       Thank you in advance. 미리 감사드립니다.)

<Expression of the Day>
A: We only have ten more days left for this year. 올해 딱 열흘밖에 안 남았네요.
B: I can't hardly believe we're done with the whole year. 일년이 다 갔다니 믿어지지 않네요.
A: Tell me about it. Time just flew by. 내 말이. 시간이 화살처럼 지나갔어.
B: It seems that time is going faster as we age. 나이 먹으니까 시간이 더 빨리 가는 거 같아.

[입트영] 12월 셋째주

12. 18 Do you buy things in installments? 할부로 구매하나요?

Paying for things in installments is very common in Korea.
할부결제하는 건 한국에서 일반적이다.

 - installments : 할부결제 (복수로 씀)

 - pay for~: ~를 지불하다/~를 구매하다

Of course many people pay for expensive things such as cars in installments.
물론 많은 사람들이 차와 같은 비싼 물건은 할부로 구매한다.

They pay off the money over a certain period of time.
그들은 일정 기간에 걸쳐 대금을 완납한다.
 - pay off : '완납'으로 지불하다 (대출금 갚을 때 많이 쓴다)
            I pay off my debts. 빚을 다 갚았다

Installment payments are common among credit card users as well.
할부결제는 신용카드 사용자들 사이에 보편적이다.

When you buy something with your credit card,
신용카드로 구매할 때,

you can decide whether to pay the amount in full or in installments.
'일시불'로 할지 '할부'로 할지 결정할 수 있다
 - whether: ~할지 말지 (=if)
 - pay the money in full : 일시불로 지불하다

You can spread out the payment over a few months.
몇 개월에 걸쳐 나눠 지불할 수 있다.
 - spread out : 나누다
 - over: ~ 걸쳐서 (보통 기간에 많이 붙여 씀)

Some people pick this payment method even for smaller purchases.
소액결제에도 이런 결제방식을 선택하기도 한다.

If you do decide to pay something in installments though,
할부 결제하기로 했다하더라도,
 - do : 여기서는 '강조'의 의미로 쓰임.

you have to pay interests for your purchase.
구매액 대한 이자를 지불해야 한다.


<Expression of the Day>
A: Are you going to pay that in full? 이거 일시불로 하실 건가요?
B: Yeah, I don't like paying in installments. 네, 할부 결제 별로 안 좋아하거든요.

A: I guess you don't like to pay interests. 이자 지불하는 걸 안좋아 하는군요.

12.17 Talk about when the fire alarm went off

There are several smoke detectors in my house.
(*smoke detector 화재감지기 , metal detector 금속탐지기)

If they detect smoke, they trigger the fire alarm.
연기가 탐지되면, 화재 경보가 작동됩니다
(* early detection 조기발견)

When the fire alarm goes off, it makes a lot of noise throughout the building.
                           울리다                                      건물 전체
(*I overslept today because my alarm didn't go off 알람이 울리지 않아서 늦잠잤다)

People are supposed to evacuate when they hear the sound.
          하기로 되어있다  대피하다          
(*You need to use the stairs in case of a fire. 화재시에는 계단을 이용해야 한다.
Most of the victims fail to evacuate in time. 대부분 희생자들이 제시간에 대피하지 못하다)

The whole purpose of these devices is to prevent the lost of lives when there's a fire.
     유일한 목적(모든목적/진정한목적)                      인명상실

There are times when the alarm's malfunction and go off for no reason though.
  그럴 때가 있다                         오작동            아무이유없이 울리기도 한다

That happened to me once.
내게도 그런 일이 일어났다. (원어민들이 자주 쓰는 표현)

I was in the shower and had to jumped out.
                                       서둘러 나오다
It turned out to be a false alarm.
  ~으로 밝혀졌다       허위경보
(*The malfunction caused the false alarm. 오작동이 허위경보로 이어졌다)

Overall smoke detectors or fire alarms play a very important role in saving people's lives.                                                 중요한 일을 수행한다

****
-I didn't get sleep much last night. 어제 제대로 못 잤어.
-The fire alarm went off in the middle of the night. 한밤중에 화재경보가 울렸거든.
  (*The phone rang in the middle of the night 한밤중에 전화가 울렸다)
-Was there a real fire? 진짜 불난거야?



12.16 Talk about Elevators around you.

I live in a high rise apartment building.
              고층아파트건물
(*high rise building 고층건물)

I live on the 14th floor, so the elevator is a must.
                                                     필수조건
(*An umbrella is a must in the rainy season. 우산은 우기에 필수품이다.)

There is the main passenger elevator that can hold up to 15 people.
                                                          ~까지 수용한다
And then there is the freight elevator next to the stairway.
                            화물용 엘리베이터
It's a bit slower but it gets less crowded.

There are several elevators in my work place.

The building I work in has 4 elevators all together.

Two of them go up the upper floors and the other two go up the lower floors.

At the sports center I go to one elevator only stops on even number floors.
(*even 짝수, odd 홀수)                                            짝수층

and the other only stops on odd number floors.
                                       홀수층
** Can you tell me where the elevators are? 엘리베이터가 어디 있나요?
   They are down the hall way. 쭉 내려가면 복도 끝에 있습니다. / 복도 따라 쭉 내려가면 있어요.


12. 15 Talk about cotton swabs you use in your life
(*Q-tips: 면봉 상표이름. 면봉을 아예 이렇게 부르기도 한다)

I use cotton swabs almost every day.
       면봉
I use them to dry my ears after I take a shower.

Some people say it's better to dry our ears naturally.
                                              (*air-dry 자연적으로 말리다)
                                              (*hang-dry 널어 말리다)
(*I like to air-dry my ears 귀를 그냥 말리는게 좋다)

But I'm just used to using Q-tips right after my shower.
(be used to ~ing: ~ 하는데 익숙하다) ~직후

I also use cotton swabs when I'm doing my make up.
(*do my make up : 화장하고 있다/동작
put on ~ : 화장하고 있다/동작
wear ~ : 화장한 상태/상태
correct~: 화장을 수정하다
remove~: 화장을 지우다)

I use them when my eyeliner get smudged.
                                         번지다

I also use them when I remove my makeup.
                              =undo

Q-tips are also very useful when I apply ointment on a cut.
(wound: 큰 상처, cut: 자잘한 상처)

I buy cotton swabs in bulk.
                       묶음, 대량
(*you can get a discount if you buy things in bulk 대량으로 사면 할인받을 수 있다
you should not buy food in bulk. 음식은 대량으로 사면 안된다)

They come in large packets and they are cheaper if I buy them that way.
(*ask the clerk if they come in large packets. 대용량도 있는지 점원에게 물어봐라.)

Overall cotton swabs are used for various purposes in our lives.

 ** I'm out of cotton swabs. : 면봉이 다 떨어졌어.
Aren't there any leftovers in the box? 박스에 남은 거 없어?
why don't you pick some up on the way home tomorrow?




12.14 Talk about Band-Aids  you use in your daily life.

I carry around Band-Aids in my bag, because I get scratches and cuts quite easily.
   들고 다니다
(*He didn't even get a scratch. 털 끝하나 안 다쳤다)

Just the other day I got a paper cut while I was making some copies of a report.
                           종이에 베었다

It was little sore, so I put some ointment on it.
             쓰라렸다               연고를 발랐다

And then I put on a Band-Aid  on the cut.
               일회용밴드를 붙였다

When my friends need Band-Aid, I am always the one who give them one.

More recently, Band-Aids have been upgraded.
                                          좋아졌다

There are special types that help the cuts heal faster and help new skin grow in.
                                                  빨리 아물게 하다           새 살이 돋다
(*You shouldn't get water on the cut to help new skin grow in.
새 살이 돋게 하려면 물을 묻히면 안된다)

There are also water proof Band-Aids that come in handy.
                                                         유용하다

Plus Some Band-Aids are colorful and some have animated characters printed on them.

Kids like to use these Band-Aids.

**Clean the cut so it doesn't get infected. 감염되지 않게 소독해.

[입트영] 12월 둘째주

12.11 Talk about cooking shows in Korea

Cooking shows have become main stream in Korea these days.
 요리쇼가 대세가 되고 있다
(*Black boxes for car have become main stream in Korea. 블랙박스는 한국에서 대세다)

You can come across these programs on almost all TV channels.
       예기치않게 발견하다  

These shows aren't just ordinary cooking programs.

They are very entertaining and fun to watch
                    재밌다
(*The show is both entertaining and informative. 그 쇼는 오락성과 정보성을 모두 갖췄다)

 As they have well-known TV stars cook various dishes themselves.


They are also many shows hosted by star chefs.
                                진행하는, 이끄는

We are seeing more and more chefs enjoying celebrity status because of these shows.
                                                      유명세를 치르다      

As a result, many youngsters are aspiring to become chefs these days.
                         젊은이들     (강하게) 열망하다
(*My son is aspiring to become a chef. 아들이 요리사가 되고 싶어한다)

The recipes are posted in online  and many viewer try making the dishes themselves.

Plus due to theses programs, people have become more health-conscious about the food they eat.                                                        건강을 신경쓴다          
(*My mom used to be very health-conscious about the food. 엄마는 먹는 것에 굉장히 신경쓰셨다.
You need to be more health-conscious. 너 건강 좀 챙겨라)

**The show gets high rating. 그 쇼는 시청률이 높아.

**I didn't know you are into cooking. 니가 요리에 관심있는지 몰랐네.





12. 10 Talk about electric mats and blankets

My parent have electric mat on their bed.
(pillowcase :베갯잇)

It keeps them warm during night.
  따뜻하게 해준다
(*Long johns will keep you warm in the winter. 내복이 겨울에 따뜻하게 해줄거야.)
(*Padded jacket 패팅점퍼/패딩자켓)

They say it saves them money on heating,
                 난방에 돈을 절약할 수 있다

As you don't have heat the whole house all night long.
                          밤새 집 전체에 난방을 하다
(*Heating the whole house costs you a lot of money. 집 전체를 난방하면 돈이 많이 든다)

I personally have an electric blanket at home.

I got it as a gift from my sister.
~에게 받았다 (=it was a gift from ~)

I use it in the winter to keep myself warm when I sleep.

It's very soft and it helps me get a good night's sleep.
                                      숙면을 취하다, 푹 자다 (아침 및 밤인사로 쓸 수 있음)
(*This pillow helps me get a good night's sleep.)

Electric mats or blankets are very useful,

But we have to be careful when we are using them.

You can get a burn if they are too hot.
(*get a burn : 화상입을 수 있다, 데이다 /get a cut: 베이다)
(Be careful not to get a burn. 화상입지 않게 조심해.
I got a burn on my leg. 다리에 화상 입었어.)

They are known to cause fires as well.
~라고 알려져 있다/ 화재를 유발하다
(*Battery can cause fires if they get overheated. 배터리가 과열되면 화재를 유발할 수 있다)
(cigarette butt can easily cause fires. 담배꽁초는 화재를 유발할 수 있다)

So we have take cation when using them.
                 조심하다


**my feet and hands get cold easily at night. 밤에 손발이 쉽게 차진다.

** get a good night's sleep 푹 자다. 숙면을 취하다



12.9 Talk about when you got parking tickets.

I remember when I got a parking ticket near my house.
(*get a parking ticket/speeding ticket/traffic ticket: 주차위반/속도위반/신호위반 딱지를 떼다)

I pulled over for about 10 mins on the street.
잠깐 차를 세우다
(*Police officer asked me pull over.경찰관이 차를 세우라고 했다)

I didn't realize there was a camera ahead.
                                             바로 앞에  
Cars were not allowed to park for longer than 5 mins on that street.
            허용되지 않는다
I got a ticket for illegal parking in the mail two weeks later.
  불법주차딱지를 받다

There was also another time when I parked my car on the road in the down town area.

I came back a few hours later and found the parking ticket on the windshield.
                                                                                         앞유리
(*roll up/ down the window: 차창을 올리다/내리다)

It was in the form of the sticker and it didn't come off very well.
           ~의 형태                           (얼룩을)지우다, 떼내다

In fact it was so hard to completely scrape off the sticker.
 (scrape off: 긁어 없애다, scratch off: 손톱으로 긁어 없애다)

For both instance I had to pay a fine for illegal parking.
                              불법주차에 대한 범칙금 내야했다

**They tow away illegally parked car. 불법 주차된 차를 끌고간다.
         견인하다



12. 8 Talking about Valet Parking
                        (발레이)

Parking is not easy at some restaurants or bars in downtown areas.
                                                               시내, 도심 (=downtown)

You are likely to see valet parking services at these places.
      볼 것이다
(*Their valet parking service is very reliable. 그들의 발렛파킹은 믿을 수 있다)

Some coffee shops or hotels and hair salons  have valet parking as well.
                   미용실 (이발소는 barber shop) 발렛파킹를 제공한다/있다

It is very convenient because you can just drop your car off at the door.
                                                        차를 입구에 맡기다
(*drop off : 내려주다, 맡기다
You can just drop your car off at the valet parking booth. 발렛파킹부스에 차를 맡길 수 있다)

When you leave, you just give them a notice and they bring your car to you very quickly.                        
(*give a notice 언질/정보를 주다)    
                               
Unlike in the U.S where you tip the valet parkers,
    미국과 다르게                        발레 주차요원
there is  free-set fee they charge you in Korea.
           정해진 요금
(*There is free set fee for each services. 서비스마다 정해진 요금이 있다)

It's only a dollar or two unless it was at a major hotel.

Hotels charge you quite a lot for valet parking.
   요금을 청구하다

***I valet parked my car. 차를 발레파킹했어.
       =valet (동사로 써서 발레파킹하다.)
   I pick up my car. 차를 가지러 간다. (<-> I drop off my car.)



12. 7. Talking about parking your car in various places

There isn't  enough parking space at where I live.
(*the movie theater does not have enough parking space
영화관에 주차공간이 충분하지 않다)

It's almost impossible to find the place to park late at night.
                   찾기 어렵다

Newer apartments have plenty of parking space,
최근                         충분한, 여유가 있는
(*we have plenty of time. 시간이 충분해.)

but My apartment is a bit old and wasn't built with the big enough parking lot.

Meanwhile it's not easy to park your car when there are a lot of customers at places like discount stores.

It can take forever to park at times.
  정말 오래 걸린다             가끔씩
(*it can take forever to park at this time of day. 이 시간에 주차하는데 진짜 오래 걸린다)

Also parking can be hard at places with the busy night life.
                                                밤에 북적거리는 곳

I once went to a gathering and it took me longer than half an hour to find the spot to park.

There are pay parking lots here and there.
              유료주차장

But they charge a lot money for parking in most cases.
(*they are infamous for charging a lot of money for parking  거기는 주차요금 비싸기로 악명높아. (인포머스; 악명높은))


<Today's Expression>
Where did you park your car?
I think I parked my car on underground level 4. 지하 4층에 주차했다.
Are you sure?
I'm quite positive. 

[입트영] 12월 첫째주

12.4 Talk about the heating system in Korea

Most Korean houses heat the floor to make the house warm.

The heater boils water and sends it to pipes each room .
  보일러
(Do you mind if I turn off the heater? 히터 꺼도 되겠니?
I forgot to turn off the heater in the morning. 아침에 보일러 끄는 걸 잊었다)

There are pipes through which water runs underneath the floor.
                             액상이 흐르는 상태를 말할때
(*underneath: 바로 아래, 특히 뭔가에 덮혀있어 눈에 보이지 않을때/ under는 그냥 아래쪽)
There is mold underneath the floor. 바닥아래 곰팡이가 꼈다.
We need to install pipes underneath the floor. 바닥 아래 파이프를 설치해야한다.)

The heat generated from the pipes makes the floor warm.
                                                        따뜻하게 하다
(*The heater in the middle made the room warm. 중앙에 있는 난로가 방을 따뜻하게 해준다
The gloves will make your hands warm. 장갑이 손을 따뜻하게 해줄거야.)

The warm floor heats the air in the room.
바닥이 데워지면서 공기도 데워진다.
(*I just heat it up in the microwave. 그냥 전자렌지에서 데울게.
I turn on the heater to heat the air in the room. 방안 공기를 데우려고 보일러를 켰다.)

The air circulates and makes the whole room warm.
           순환하다
(*Leave the windows open so that the air can circulates  공기가 순환되게 창문을 열어놔라.
This medicine helps you blood circulate. 이 약은 혈액순환을 돕는다.)

This means of heating dates back to hundreds of years ago.
   방법, 수단             거슬러 올라가다

Back then they used to use large stones instead of pipes.

Since the air in doors can get very dry with the heater on.
 보일러를 틀어놓으면 실내공기가 매우 건조해질 수 있다.

People have a humidifier in the house.
                     가습기
<Today's Expression>
Commercial buildings have central heating system. 상업빌딩은 중앙난방장치가 있다.



12.3 Talk about a time when you fell down in the snow

I remember when it snowed few days ago.

I was walking down the stairs in front of my apartment.
       계단을 내려가고 있었다 <-> walk up the stairs

There were snow on the stairs and it was very slippery.

I tried to be as careful as I can, but I slipped and fell down.
                                            미끄러져 넘어졌다
                              (*tripped and fell down은 발에 걸려 넘어질때)

I fell on my back and hands. It was very painful.
  뒤로 넘어져서 손을 짚었다.
(*fall on my front/face 앞으로 넘어지다=fall forward)
(*fall flat on my face 앞으로 넘어져 얼굴을 꽝 박았을 때)
(*fall on my butt 엉덩방아를 찧다)
(*fall on my knees 무릎으로 넘어졌다)

I didn't break a bone or anything, but I sprained my wrist.
 뼈가 부러지지 않았지만                      (접질렀다=twist)

I went to the doctor to get it checked.
                                 검사받다
(*go to the doctor동네병원을 갈때/  go to the hospital 는 큰 병원을 갈때)
(I was taken to the hospital 병원에 실려갔다)
(*I went to a repair shop to get my car checked. 차 검사를 하기 위해 정비소에 갔다)

I had to put a bandage around it to make it heal faster.
  빨리 아물게 하려고 붕대를 감았다 (*cast: 깁스를 하다)

I also pulled the muscle in my back, and it hurt whenever I moved.
          허리를 삐끗하다
(*pull the muscle in my shoulder / neck/ back :어깨/목/ 허리를 삐끗하다)
(*sprain wrist /ankle: 손목/발목을 접지르다)

I was able to walk around, but couldn't run or work out for almost two weeks.

Ever since I always try to be extra careful not to slip when it snows.
                                                   하지 않도록

<Today's expression>
It could have been worse. 그나마 다행이야.(더 심했을수도 있었어.)



12. 2  Talk about when it snows heavily

I remember when it snowed a lot  last winter.

It snowed  over the weekend and continued just snowing until Monday morning.
          (*over + 기간: ~에 걸쳐서)       월요일아침까지 계속 내렸다

We got at least 15 centimeter of snow.

It was one of the heaviest snowfalls that year.
          그해 가장 많이 온 날 중 하나였다.
(*we got the heaviest snowfall in 10 years today. 10년만에 오늘 눈이 최고로 많이 내렸다)

Of course The streets got very slippery with the snow.
                   노면이 눈으로 매우 미끄러워졌다

people came out to cleaned the snow in front of their houses.
                          =sweep the snow 눈을 치우다

People had trouble with getting around because it was so slippery.
           어려움을 겪다    =move around 돌아다니다
(*let me know if you have trouble with getting around 다니는데 어려운 게 있으면 내게 말해.)

Traffic was bumper-to-bumper in many areas.
              범뻐루범뻐, 차가 줄을 잇다, 서행하다
(*Cars were bumper-to-bumper on Christmas eve 크리스마스 이브에 차가 엄청 막혔다)

There were many fender-benders as cars slipped on the snow.
                      가벼운 접촉사고     차가 눈에 미끄러지다

It got worse in the evening as the snow turned into ice.
상황이 악화되다                                형질이 바뀌다
(*My throat got worse. 목이 더 악화됐다.)

It was quite hard to move around until the snow melted.


<Today's Expression>
It snowed so much last week. 지난 주 눈이 엄청 왔었지.

We were snowed in. It's hard to walk around properly.
            눈에 갇혔어. (snow 가 동사로 쓰임)



12.1 Talk about how Koreans feel when it snows for the first time

The first snow for the winter is a big deal in Korea.
   첫눈                          기념할만한 일, 큰 일 overexcited about sth
(*Going to the theme park was a big deal when I was young. 어렸을 때, 테마 파크에 가는 일은 신나는 일이었다.
It was a big deal to win the championship. 챔피언에서 우승하는 건 대단한 일이었다)

People generally make a big fuss about the first snow.
                     들뜨다, 호들갑떤다(약간 부정적 의미 내포)
(*people made a big fuss about their wedding online. 사람들은 그들이 결혼하는 걸 두고 온라인에서 호들갑을 떨었다
I try not to make a big fuss about little things 작은 일에는 들뜨지 않으려고 한다)

People tend to get a bit sentimental when it snows for the first time.
    ~경향이있다   감상적이 되다                               처음으로
(*I get a bit sentimental at the end of year. 연말이 되면 좀 감상적이 된다)

They make sure to mark the occasion.
                        기념할 일을 만들다 (mark you calendar)

They message or call their loved ones to let them know of the first snow.
                                   사랑하는 사람들(가족, 애인)

People who were single tend to get the urge to go out with someone when they have seen the snow.  

(*get the urge: 해야한다, 강한 충동을 느낀다 

I always get the urge to eat 라면at night. 밤이 되면 라면이 먹고 싶어진다.

I get the urge to drink on Fridays. 금요일이 되면 술 한잔 하고 싶어진다.

I get the urge to go on trips myself when I see people's postings. 사람들 게시물 볼때면 나도 여행가고 싶어진다) 

(*go out with: ~만나다  /Are you going out with someone? 너 누구 만나는 사람 있니?)

The first snow doesn't always pile up but the sight of the snow make people excited.
                                       쌓이다                    눈 오는 것만 봐도 들뜬다
(*planing ahead for a trip make me excited. 여행 계획 세우는 것만으도 흥분된다)

People tend to have a lot of pleasant memories of the fist snow.
                                     기분좋은 추억거리

<Today's Expression>
I get sentimental when it snows. 눈 오면 감상적이 돼.
(*감정변화에 get을 쓴다)
It brings back good memories. 좋은 추억들이 생각 나거든.


11.30 Talk about some issues and instances in your community
                                    사건사고들
School bullying is a very serious issue in my community
학교 폭력
(*bully - 괴롭히는 사람, 괴롭히는 행위, 왕따)

I remember a bullying instance that happened in my neighborhood.

One of the victims took his own life and because of a bullying he was suffering from.
                       자살하다, 목숨을 끊다

The police investigated the instance.
               수사하다

It was in the new for quite sometime.
언론보도도 꽤 됐다 (특정매체를 언급할 땐 on을 씀)

Plus I remember a time when it rained a lot in my neighborhood several years back.

It was the monsoon season and it pour for several days.
                우기, 장마철             (포어) raining heavily (drizzling은 비가 살짝 내리는 거)

There were floods here and there.

Some underground parking lots went under water.
                              (*go under water 물에 침수되다, 잠기다)
(*Take deep breath before going under water. 잠수하기 전에 깊이 호흡해라.)

It was one of the heaviest rainfalls in the history.
                       (=worst)
           역대 가장 강수량이 많은 해였다

There were news reports about houses and structures being flooded.

Looking back it was quite scary experience.
되돌아보니

<Today's Expression>
I was shocked when I heard the news. 그 소식 듣고 진짜 충격받았어.

[입트영] 11월 넷째주

11. 27  Talk about the differences between small and large communities.

Large communities and small communities are quite different in many ways.

First of all, People are friendlier in small communities.
                            더 친절하다
(*friendly 상냥하다,친절하다,-성향/ kind는 친절하다 - 성품)
 
(*the locals were much friendlier than I expected. 예상보다 현지인들이 훨씬 친절했다.
I wish she were friendlier to other people. 그녀가 다른 사람에게 좀 상냥하면 좋을텐데)

Everyone tends to know everyone else in a small town.
                        서로 다 알고 지낸다
(*Everyone else was there except him 그 빼고 모든 사람들이 다 있었다.
Everyone else knows that you like her. - it's open secret. 다른 사람 모두가 니가 그녀 좋아하는 걸 알아. 공공연한 비밀이라구.)

So People are more like family.
 (be more like family 가족같다)
(*I'm more like family with my class mates. 반친구들과 가족처럼 지낸다.)

People are very well aware of what happens to their neighbors.
                   매우 잘 안다          

Locals are friendly to strangers who visit their town as well.
현지인들          
(*I try to be friendly to strangers if they ask for directions. 낯선사람이 길 물으면 친절하려고 한다.
It is hard to be friendly to stranger. 낯선 사람에게 친절하기가 어렵다)

On the other hand, in large communities such as big cities people don't know each other that well.
(do not know that well: 그다지 알지 못한다.)

Even neighbors who lives next door sometimes don't know each other at all.
                            옆집에 살다
(*I used to live next door to my mother in law. 시어머니와 옆집에 살았다.
A famous movie star lives next door to me. 유명한 배우가 내 옆집에 산다.)

This is very common thing in many large cities.

<Today's Expression>
My dad went out of town. 아빠가 어디좀 가셨어. (=my dad is out of town)



11. 26. Talk about events that take place in your community

There are various events that take place in my community.
                                    열리다, 이뤄지다
(*we are supposed to gather in front of the community center 동네주민센터앞에서 만나기로 했다.)

First, there are things like charity bazaars.
                             자선바자회(버자르)
(the profits made from charity bazaar will be donated.)

People make donations and they sell those things at the bazaar.

They use the money for good causes.
                               좋은 대의명분

The bazaars take place at local parks or in apartment complexes.

There are also events that are held for senior citizens.
                                   열리다         어르신들 (노인the elder보다 정중한 표현)

They hold special events to help the elderly.
                                              노년층

These events are often held at community centers.

Apartment complexes have their own events and promotions as well.

(*I have my own style when it comes to fashion)

You can often see people selling things in apartment complexes.

They offer good quality goods for good prices.


<Today's Expression>
Your mom seems to be quite a busy person. 니네 엄마 되게 바빠 보이신다.

She dose a lot of community service. 사회봉사활동을 많이 하셔.

She's very active and very much involved. 매우 적극적이고 활발하게 참여하셔.




11. 25 Talk about a time when you had to reschedule an appointment


I remember a time when I was supposed to go to the dentist.
                                    하기로 되어있다

I had an appointment on a Saturday
                             토요일 쯤이었다. (정확한 시점이 아닐때 a를 붙임)

However something came up suddenly, I couldn't make it to my appointment.
              갑자기 일이 생겼다                     ~시간까지 하다

I had to call the dentist and tell them that I couldn't go.

I rescheduled my appointment and got my teeth checked up a week later.
   예약을 다시 잡다

I also remember when I had to cancel my nail appointment because I hurt my finger.

My finger got stuck in the door and it bled a lot.
              ~끼이다                         블레드 (bleed 과거형; 피흘리다)

My finger nail got badly bruised.
                           멍이 심하게 들다 (붓다 swell up)

There was no way I was going to get my nails done.
~할 방법이 없다

I called the nail salon and postpone my appointment.
                네일샵          연기하다


<Today's Expression>
It totally slipped my mind. 완전히 깜빡했어.




11. 24 Talk about a time when the subway or the bus was packed with people

I remember a time when there was so many people on the bus.

It was during morning rush hour.
                   아침 출근길

The bus was packed with people.
             ~로 가득차다

I couldn't move at all, because it was so crowded.

I couldn't even breathe properly.

Plus I had a lot of stuff in my bag that day.

It was very heavy.

My shoulders hurt because I was carrying my heavy bag.

Even worse I was sweating a lot.

Because it was a hot summer day.

By the time I got off at my stop, I felt exhausted.
                   내리다
I wished I had my own car.

I still remember how inconvenient it was to be on a packed bus like that.


<Today's Expression>
My foot hurts so badly. 발 엄청 아프다.
Someone stepped on my foot on the subway. 누가 지하철에서 내 발 밟았어.


11. 23 Talk about a time when you were stuck in traffic.

I remember a time when I was stuck in traffic forever.
                                                           아주 오랫동안
It was rainy Friday night and the roads were packed with cars.
                                                 도로가 차로 가득찼다
(*this intersection is packed with cars all day. 이 교차로는 종일 막힌다.)

It  took me almost two hours to get to my destination.

It should have only taken one hour or less.

i was supposed to meet up with some friends.
~하기로 되어 있었다.
(*you were supposed to do the dishes. 니가 설거지 하기로 했잖아)

They had to wait for me and I felt so bad.

I regretted not taking the subway, because there is no traffic on the subway.
                                                교통량이 없다. 차량이 없다
Anyway I learned my lesson that day.
             배웠다, 깨달은바가 있었다.
(*He doesn't seem to be learned lessons 그는 배운게 없는거 같다)

Ever since that instance, I always make sure to take the subway when there is a lot of traffic on the roads.


<Today's Expression>

Was the traffic bad? 차가 막혔니?

Traffic was bumper to bumper. 차가 꼬리에 꼬리를 물고, 완전 정체됐어. 

[입트영] 11월 3째주

11. 20 Talk about what you did in you free time when you were young

As far as I remember, I didn't have that much free time when I was in school.
내가 기억하기로는                                                      학교다닐때

I had to study a lot.

I went to school  early in the morning and came back home late in the afternoon.
                         아침일찍                                             오후늦게 (4~5시)

I also attended cram schools for extra course work after classes.
            학원다니다               추가로 필요한 수업내용
(*cram 뭘 꾸역꾸역 집어넣는 모양
I crammed for test. 벼락치기로 시험공부했다.)

I did that for most of my school years.
                   대부분     학창시절

I especially didn't have much free time in my senior year of high school.
                                                                   졸업반, 고3
 (*I went out with him in my senior of high school 고 3때 그와 사귀었다.)

I was busy preparing for college entrance exam.

All I remember is studying day and night.
내가 기억하는 거라곤 (*all 이 주어에 붙으면 '~하는 것'이라고 해석)
(*all day long, 온종일, all night long 밤새도록 day and night 쉴새없이)

I do remember spending a lot of time with my family though.

My parents were very family oriented.
                            가정적이다 (family came first)

We would spend quality time together quite often.
           의미있는 시간, 뜻 깊은 시간
(*they need to spend some quality time together, 그들은 의미있는 시간을 함께 보낼 필요가 있다)

We used to go out for dinner or go on picnics or trips together.
                                              소풍가다, 여행가다

<Today's Expression>
How were your grades back in school? 학교때 성적이 어땠어요?
They weren't that bad. 그렇게 나쁘진 않았어.
but I used to cram for test. 그런데 벼락치기 했어.
Did you do that too? 너도 그랬니?




11.19 what do you like to do in your free time

-The most common thing I do in my free time is to hang out with my friends.
                                                             ~와 어울리다, 만나다
(*I used to hang out with my friends a lot: 친구들과 어울리는 걸 좋아했었다
Let's hang out sometime. 언제 얼굴 한번 보자.)

-We get together and chat over dinner or couple of drinks.
       함께 모여서           저녁 먹으면서
(*We spent over 2 hours chatting over dinner. 저녁 먹으면서 2시간 넘게 수다떨었다)

-My friends and I  like to go out to hot places that serve good food and drinks.
                                                                 ~파는

-Next, I also like to watch movies when I have some free time.
                                                   시간이 남을 때

-I'm not that big of a movie buff, but I see most of the movies that top the charts.
                             영화광                                          차트 상위권을 차지하다
(*I'm a movie buff. 난 영화광이다.)
he doesn't appear to be a movie buff. 그는 영화를 그리 좋아하지 않는 거 같다)

-I sometimes go to the theater myself to catch a movie.
                            (*watch는 그냥 보는 거고 catch는 놓치지 않고 '챙겨보다'는 의미)

-Last of all I like to spend some time on my own in my free time.
                             혼자만의 시간을 가지다

-I do some soul searching and think about things that I want to do in my life.
                 자아성찰

<Today's Expression>
I barely have any free time these days. 요즘 자유시간이 거의 없어.



11.18 Why did you start going to parks

Why did that reason change over the years?

I don't think there was a particular reason that made me go to parks in the first place.
(*in the first place 애당초)

Parks are all over the place.
어디에나 공원이 있다        

There was a one  in almost every neighborhood.
                   동네마다 거의 하나씩 다 있다

Personally I like going to parks, because I like taking walks.

Plus I can enjoy the trees and grass when I go to parks.

I can just sit on a bench and  enjoy the breeze.
                                             바람을 쐬다
(* I like to enjoy the breeze riding my bike in the evening. 저녁에 자전거 타면서 바람쐬는 걸 좋아해.
This is a great spot to sit down and enjoy the breeze. 여긴 앉아서 바람쐬기 딱 좋은 곳이다)

I can get some fresh air  while I wind down and relax.
          바람쐬다                       긴장을 풀고 쉬다
(*I need to get some air. 바람 좀 쐬야겠다)

But these days I go to parks to get some exercise in the evening.
                                         운동삼아 ~하다
(*it's good to get some exercise once in a while 가끔씩 운동하는 건 좋다)

I thinks Parks are great places for exercise.
                공원은 운동하기 딱 좋다.
(*we have a large backyard that is great place for exercise. 운동하기 좋은 뒷마당이 있다)

Many people probably go to parks for that reason.

<Today's expression>
go for a run 뛰러 가다
go for a walk  산책하러 가다
go for a hike 등산하러 가다
go for a swim 수영하러 가다

I'm going for a run at the park. 뛰러 공원에 가.





11.17 Talk about how reality  TV programs have changed over the years 

Reality TV programs are becoming very diverse in Korea these days.
                                             다채로워지다, 다양해지다
(*The country has diverse geography. 지리적 환경이 다채롭다
Cultural diversity 문화적 다양성)

In the past, there were mostly reality singing contests.

There are extremely popular, but there were so many of them.

They started to get a bit old.
                   식상해지다
(*The format, it started to get a bit old 포맷이 식상해졌다.
The food at the cafeteria is getting a bit old, 식당 음식이 식상해졌다)

There are new reality TV programs for dancing, cooking or travelling.

Among them reality cooking programs are all the rage these days.
                                           진짜 인기가 많다. 하늘을 찌르다
(*Mobile games are all the rage among teenagers. 십대들 사이에서 모바일게임이 인기다
Organic foods are all the rage now days. 유기농이 요즘 대인기다.)

Some cooking shows get very  high ratings.
                               시청률이 높다
(*The final episode of that show got very high ratings. 마지막 방송의 시청률이 매우 높았다)

On One popular show, professional chefs compete against each other, using ordinary ordinary ingredients in people's fridges.
(*I'm a good cook 요리를 잘하다 <-> terrible cook)

There are definitely more options to choose from.
                             선택의 폭이 넓다
(*I think it's great that we have more options to choose from.
I can give you more options to choose from.)

Overall the viewers are enjoying these new reality TV shows.
             시청자

<Today's Expression>
The show is hilarious. 이쇼 진짜 웃겨, 배꼽잡게 웃겨.
(He is hilarious. 그 남자 진짜 웃겨.)


11. 16 Talk about How you like to dress

I like to follow my own style when it comes to fashion.
                   나만의 스타일 (own넣어 강조)
(*It's better to follow your own style when it comes to fashion
옷입을 때 자신만의 스타일로 입는 게 좋다)

I like to dress casually most of the time.
           입다                대부분

I don't like to dress up too much.
                  잘 차려입다 (<->dress down 대충대충 입다)
(*It's important to dress up for important occasion
                중요한 일에 차려입는 게 중요하다)

I also like clothes that I comfortable, and don't like clothes that I too tight.

As for colors I wear brighter colors in summer and darker colors in fall and winter.
(As for: ~에 있어서는 (화제전환시 많이 쓰는 표현))

I'm interested in a fashion trends, but I don't always follow them.

When I buy the clothes at shopping malls,  I just buy things that look good on me.
(*Look good on: 멋지다, 잘 어울리다)
(*This blue tie looks good on anyone. 이 파란색 넥타이는 누가 입어도 예쁘다)

Overall I'm not that fashionable, but I do pay attention to detail when I dress.
그렇게 패션어블하진 않지만, 옷 입을 때 디테일에 신경쓴다.
(* You should pay more attention to detail. 넌 좀더 꼼꼼하게 신경쓸 필요가 있어)

<Today's Expression>
Why are you all dressed up? 왜 그렇게 예쁘게 차려 입은거야?

[입트영] 11월 둘째주

11. 13 Talk about when something broke down at a house

I remember a time when the heater at my house broke down.
                                 보일러                        고장나다(부피가 있는 물건에만 씀)
We had to get it fixed right away.
                               바로
It turned out that there was a air in the pipes.

Plus there was a time when the electronic door lock didn't work properly.
                                전자 잠금장치            제대로 작동하지 않다

The door wouldn't open, we got locked out.
                                       (밖에서 못들어감. lock in : 안에서 못나옴)

It turned out that the lock ran out of batteries.
                                  건전지가 다 떨어지다  

We change the batteries, and it started to work again.

Also there were times when home appliances  didn't work well  at my house.
                                      가전제품
Once the washer stopped working.

We had to call a person to fix it.

There was something wrong with the motor.

And we had to get some parts changed.
                   부품 (복수로 쓴다) 교체하다

<Today's Expression>
desk lamp 탁상용 스탠드
The (light) bulb went out. 전구에 불이 나가다.


11. 12 Talk about  a time when water leaked in your house

I remember when water leaked from kitchen sink last year.
                                 ~에서 새다
(*Make sure the coffee doesn't leak from tumbler. 커피 새지 않게 주의해.
*Close the lid tight. 뚜껑 꼭 닫아
*The secret leaked out 비밀이 새나갔어.)

There are something wrong with the pipe underneath the kitchen sink.
    ~가 좀 이상해요                                  아래쪽
(*there was something wrong with my cellphone. 핸드폰이 이상해요)

There was water all over floor, and it was mess.
                                           엉망이었다
(My life is mess: 인생이 엉망이야.)

We had to call a person to fix the problem.
                                    문제를 해결하다
(I can fix the problem myself. 내가 알아서 해결할 수 있어요.)

There was another time when water leaked from pipes connected to the A.C.

The water made the wallpaper wet.
   (*make something wet 젖게 했다)        

And there was a mold there a few months later.
                      곰팡이

We had to re-do the wallpaper later on.
                  도배를 다시하다
(we re-did the wallpaper when we moved in. 이사할 때 도배를 다시했어.)

Last of all, I also remember when water leaked from the fridge and the water purifier.
                                                                                           정수기
We took care of problem with the help of people from the service center.
    문제를 처리하다, 해결하다
(We spent a lot of money to take care of problem. 해결하려고 돈을 많이 썼어.)


<Today's expression>
Watch you step, The floor is slippery. 조심해, 바닥이 미끄러워.
Let me help you clean it up. 내가 치우는 거 도와줄게.



11.11 Talk about the perception Koreans have on age

Age is an important factor in human relationships in Korea.
              중요한 요소
There is a strict age hierarchy in people's minds.
                위계질서(하이어아끼)  머릿속/정신에
(In the western, a age hierarchy is more blurry. 서구에서는 나이위계가 덜 명확하다)

This is based on the Confucianism culture.
                              유교문화

One of the first thing people want to know about other people is their age.

If some one is older than you, you are expected to show a certain level of respect. 
                                                         어느 정도의 예의를 지켜야/보여줘야 한다

You normally use  honorifics to people who are older than you.
                      존대법 (어너리픽스)
(Foreigners have hard time learning honorific. 외국인들에게 존대법이 어렵다.
Honorifics are the beauty of the Korean language. 존대는 한국어의 묘미다.)

There are even words to address people who are older such as 누나, 오빠
                            호칭하다 (강세뒤쪽)

Plus the word friend is only used for people who are the same age as you.
(We are all the same age as one another. 우린 모두 동갑이다.)

Overall age plays a big role in relationships in Korea.
               큰 역할을 하다    관계에서
(Mutual hobbies play a big role in a relationship. 비슷한 취미는 관계에서 큰 역할을 한다)


<Today's Expression>
We are six years apart. 우린 6살 차이나.
We are one year apart. 우린 연년생이다.
How many years apart are you? 몇 살 차이 나요?
We have quite an age gap. 나이차가 꽤 납니다.


11.10 Talk about problems you had while shopping at a store

I went shopping for groceries right before the family holidays.
  장보러 가다   바로 직전.

The discount store was packed with people who came to shop for things just like myself
( *be packed with 원체 많았다. 가득차다, 꽉차다)

There was a long line at the cashier.
                               계산대      
   
so it took much longer than usual to pay for the things I had bought.
       평소보다 (시간이) 더 걸리다

Even worse I left my cellphone behind at the cashier.
(*leave behind: 두고 오다)

So I had to run back to get it.

I also remember a time when I bought a sweater at a store.

I tried it on later and find out that it was too big for me.

I took it back to the store several weeks later, only to find out that it was too late to get a refund. 
(*only to: 결국 ~밖에 안됐다. (실망 표현))

Plus I had taken off the tag.

I had no choice but to just bring it back  home.
(*had no choice but to: 어쩔수 없이 ~하다)

I had no choice but to cab it home: 어쩔 수 없이 택시 타고 왔어.
I had no choice but to let him go : 그를 놔줄 수 밖에 없었어.

My credit card maxed out : 신용카드 한도가 초과됐어.
(+I maxed out on my credit card)


11. 9 Talk about when you are unsatisfied about something that you bought Online

I once remember ordering  a pair of jeans online.
                                  (바지도 다 '복수'로 표현)

I paid for the order and they arrived three days later.
 (*pay for 결제하다) (*the order 주문내역)    

I tried them on, but they didn't fit me.
입어보다/신어보다              내게 잘 맞다
(You should try on the shoes before buy them)

They were too small.

I couldn't understand because I had ordered my size.

Plus there was a stain on the jeans.

Eventually I sent the jeans back and got a refund.

but it took me two full weeks to solve the problem.
         2주가 꼬박 걸렸다

I also remember when I ordered a hoody online

I really liked the design and I got a great deal because of a promotion.

But when I got the hoody, the quality was much lower than I expected.
                                                                           내 예상보다
(*I arrived earlier than I expected. 내 예상보다 일찍 도착했어)

I didn't want to wear it.

However It felt like a hassle to get a refund, so I just kept it.
           귀찮게 느껴졌다.

<Today's expression>

Taking out the garbage, feels like a hassle sometimes. 쓰레기 버리는 게 가끔 귀찮다.
Do I have to pay for the shipping to send it back?  반품할 때 비용을 제가 내야 합니까?
I didn't have to pay for the shipping 배송비를 내지 않았다. 무료배송이었어.